The text breaks down other definitions of TOCs given by criminologists into three categories:
- simple lists of characteristics
- sophisticated lists of characteristics
- the embodiment of the essence of organized crime
The definition referenced in the paragraph above falls into the third category. I think it is also noteworthy that TOCs contain the word 'organized' in their name which further contextualizes the strategies, processes and structures that provide the foundation for their activities.
I was a little disturbed by both this past class discussion on TOCs and the previous class discussion on private security forces. We were all so quick to dismiss and disapprove of them as existing without morals, not loyal, and only operating where the most money is involved. While we can easily blame them for many faults and apply numerous generalizations, I'd like us to remember why both groups exist in the first place - i.e. because another actor failed to provide the need that they fill. These actors might be a government, military or financial institution but for whatever reason, they have failed to support a stable environment for their people. Williams presents an excellent example of such a need when describing corruption as a risk management tool for TOCs. Such a strategy is designed to protect their organization by minimizing the potential risk posed by the governments, militaries or financial institutions mentioned earlier.
In summary, I urge us to remember to address the core inspiration for the creation of TOCs and private security forces. They are doing business by other means and are usually caught in between the inescapable pressures and incentives of their time.
Katherine, thanks for sharing this post. I also agree that it is important to remember that these organizations play a role in the societies where they are established. It is important that state's take responsibility in not meeting the needs of their citizens which allows these TOCs to take root and establish themselves as an organization. Like with other topics discussed in class, there is often more than one definition and I appreciate you bringing that up again for discussion.
ReplyDeleteJessica, I like the way you phrased the idea of TOCs meeting the needs of citizens when the state cannot. Additionally, I think it is often important to realize that many of these crime units are comprised of folks who have a good knowledge of how the state works and that is often why they are so successful. Ironically, the best TOCs are also some of the best businesses (albeit operating outside the rule of law).
ReplyDeleteKatherine, I like how you and Jessica talked here about how TOCs and PMCs were not inherently wrong/evil, but instead are filling roles which are unmet by other institutions. Katherine, your last line is especially good about how there are often inescapable pressures which we often lose sight of when we are separated from inception by the passing of time.
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